An analysis of the need to develop gamification-based teaching materials for Indonesian language learning in primary schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56587/bemi.v4i1.144Keywords:
Needs analysis, Teaching Materials, Gamification, Indonesian languages, Primary SchoolsAbstract
Background: Indonesian language learning, particularly reading instruction, has not yet been implemented optimally and continues to face challenges in fostering students' interest in reading. Gamification is considered a promising approach to enhancing students' engagement and participation in the learning process.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze teachers' needs for the development of gamification-based interactive digital teaching materials for Indonesian language learning in elementary schools.
Method: This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 Phase B (Grades 3–4) elementary school teachers in the Yogyakarta region. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.
Findings: The findings indicate that: (1) Phase B students' interest in reading remains low; (2) teacher creativity plays a crucial role in creating an engaging learning environment; (3) teachers' understanding of gamification is generally limited to enjoyable classroom activities and does not comprehensively encompass its core elements; (4) limited knowledge, time constraints, and inadequate facilities hinder the implementation of gamification in learning; and (5) teachers need gamification-based interactive digital teaching materials that are varied, engaging, practical, effective, and accompanied by user guidelines.
References
Agustini, K., Mertayasa, I. N. E., Wahyuni, D. S., Subawa, I. G. B., Pradnyana, I. K. A., & Sugihartini, N. (2024). Peningkatan Kompetensi Literasi Digital Guru Melalui Gamifikasi Konten Belajar dalam Mengembangkan Bahan Pembelajaran. Proceeding Senadimas Undiksha, 9(November), 1213–1220 .
Ahyar, A., Nurhidayah, N., & Saputra, A. (2022). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran TaRL dalam Meningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Dasar Membaca Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar Kelas Awal. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(11), 5241–5246. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i11.1242
Anamalai, T. R., & Yatim, M. H. M. (2022). Teachers’ readiness to Use Mobile Gamification in Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools in South Kinta District. Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity, 1(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.57142/jesd.v1i1.8
Apreasta, L., Darniyanti, Y., & Sapira, B. (2023). Pengembangan E-Lkpd Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Pada Elemen Membaca Dan Memirsa Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Lika. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 09.
Bantun, S., Setyosari, P., Ulfa, S., Praherdhiono, H., & Sari, J. Y. (2024). Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile dengan Pendekatan Gamifikasi dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar. INFORMAL: Informatics Journal, 8(3), 234. https://doi.org/10.19184/isj.v8i3.43856
Chen, C.C.J, Kent, S, (2020) Task engagement, learner motivation and avatar identities of struggling English language learners in the 3D virtual world, System 88, 102168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102168
Clinton-Lisell, V, Strouse, G, Langowski, A.M. (2024). Children’s engagement during shared reading of ebooks and paper books: a systematic review, Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 39 100632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijcci.2023.100632 .
Dehghanzadeh, H., Farrokhnia, M., Dehghanzadeh, H., Taghipour, K., & Noroozi, O. (2024). Using gamification to support learning in K-12 education: A systematic literature review. British journal of educational technology, 55(1), 34-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13335
Dewi, R. P., Ramadhani, R., Rahayu, R. A., Media, A., & Ari, S. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kurangnya Minat Baca Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar. Katalis Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 2(2), 304–319. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v2i2.1708
Faidah, N., Usman, H., & Yarmi, G. (2024). Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan E-Lkpd Interaktif Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Genre Di Sekolah Dasar. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 9(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.30998/sap.v9i2.23378
Fatharani, W., Utomo, E., & Ariani, D. (2022). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Scratch-MIT pada Materi Tata Surya untuk Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pembelajaran Inovatif, 5(2), 8–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPI.052.05
Fortuna, J.M, G. de la Fuente, P. Velasco, (2023). Does gamification mediate the relationship between digital social capital and student performance? A surveybased study in Spain, Int. J. Manag. Educ. 21 (3) 100846, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100846
Gini, F., Bassanelli, S., Bonetti, F., Mogavi, R. H., Bucchiarione, A., & Marconi, A. (2025). The role and scope of gamification in education: A scientometric literature review. Acta Psychologica, 259(August), 105418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105418
Gusman, F., Apriliya, S., & Mulyadiprana, A. (2021). Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Menulis Puisi di Sekolah Dasar. PEDADIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. 8(2), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.17509/pedadidaktika.v8i2.36309
Kaffah Hemas Safitri, Evie Sofiyah, Suherli Kusmana, & Jaja. (2024). Authentic Assessment Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills in Improving Student Literacy. British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy, 3(3), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjtep.2024.3.3.14
Khaerawati, Z., Nurhasanah, N., & Oktaviyanti, I. (2023). Level Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kelas Tinggi. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(2), 637–643. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i2.4521
Khairani, F., Purwanti, Y., Apriyana, R., Andriyani, R., Asshodiq, L. A., & Kusumawati, P. I. (2023). Tingkat Minat Baca Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 06 Kandangmas. Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, 6(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.30998/diskursus.v6i2.18361
Khairu Annisa Pulungan, Fajar Sidik Siregar, Nurmayani Nurmayani, Fahrur Rozi, & Putra Afriadi. (2025). Pengembangan Media Big Book dalam Pembelajaran Membaca untuk Pemula Kelas 1 SD Tahfiz Qur’an Karimah T.A 2024/2025. Perspektif : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Bahasa, 3(3), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.59059/perspektif.v3i3.2643
Laksana, D. N. L., Lawe, Y. U., Ngura, E. T., Kata, F., & Mugi, E. (2023). Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar Untuk Pembelajaran Baca Tulis Kelas Rendah Berbasis Bahasa Ibu Dengan Muatan Budaya Lokal Nagekeo. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Citra Bakti, 10(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.38048/jipcb.v10i1.1495
Legowo, Y. A. S. (2022). Gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. JISPE Journal of Islamic Primary Education, 3(1), 13-30. https://jurnal.idaqu.ac.id/index.php/jispe/article/view/43
Li, M., Ma, S., & Shi, Y. (2023). Examining the effectiveness of gamification as a tool promoting teaching and learning in educational settings: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253549.
Luo, Z. (203). The effectiveness of gamified tools for Foreign language learning (FLL): a systematic review, Behav. Sci. 13 (4) (2023) 331, https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040331
Manzano León, A., Rodríguez Ferrer, J. M., Aguilar Parra, J. M., Fernández Campoy, J. M., Trigueros, R., & Martínez Martínez, A. M. (2022). Play and learn: Influence of gamification and game-based learning in the reading processes of secondary school students. Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Ed.), 27(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2021.08.001
Mårell-Olsson, E. (2022). Teachers’ Perception of Gamification as a Teaching Design. Interaction Design and Architecture(S), 53, 70–100. https://doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-053-004
Mariyanti, R., Nurningtias, & Majid, N. W. A. (2022). Gamifikasi Sebagai Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Partisipasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika (JP3M), 5(2), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.36765/jp3m.v5i2.523
Mee Mee, R. W., Shahdan, T. S. T., Ismail, M. R., Abd Ghani, K., Pek, L. S., Von, W. Y., Woo, A., & Rao, Y. S. (2020). Role of gamification in classroom teaching: Pre-service teachers’ view. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(3), 684–690. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20622
Meilya, F. R., Dayu, D. P. K., & Mayangsari, N. (2024). A s - S A B I Q U N. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 6(September 2024), 999–1008.
Mutadin, A., Sutanto, S., Rondli, W. S., & Kanzunnudin, M. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Minat Baca Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Guru Sekolah Dasar, 1(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.70277/jgsd.v1i1.0002
Ningsih, E. P., Putra, R. W. Y., & Simatupang, A. (2020). Model contextual teaching and learning (CTL) menggunakan bahan ajar gamifikasi terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis ditinjau dari gaya kognitif. Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika (JP3M), 3(2), 121-130.
Nurviyani, V., Halimah, H., Sanda, V. L., Tadjudin, I. R., & Ummah, U. B. (2022). Pendampingan Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimodal di Kabupaten Cianjur. GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.31571/gervasi.v6i2.3851
Opriș, E.-T., Bálint-Svella, É., & Zsoldos-Marchiș, I. (2021). Prospective preschool and primary school teachers’ knowledge and opinion about gamification. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 14(1), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.24193/adn.14.1.8
Orellana, P., Melo, C., Baldwin, P., De Julio, S., & Pezoa, J. (2020). The relationship between motivation to read and reading comprehension in chilean elementary students. Reading and Writing, 33(10), 2437–2458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10051-3
Prados Sánchez, G., Cózar-Gutiérrez, R., del Olmo-Muñoz, J., & González-Calero, J. A. (2023). Impact of a gamified platform in the promotion of reading comprehension and attitudes towards reading in primary education. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(4), 669–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1939388
Purnama, D., Febriyanro, B., & Mahpudin. (2024). Pengaruh Teks Multimodal terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(3), 1953–1963. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v9i22024p77-83
Putu Wulantari, N., Rachman, A., Nurmalia Sari, M., Jola Uktolseja, L., & Rofi’i, A. (2023). The Role Of Gamification In English Language Teaching: A Literature Review. Journal on Education, 6(1), 2847-2856.
Qiao, S., Yeung, S. S. sze, Zainuddin, Z., Ng, D. T. K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Examining the effects of mixed and non-digital gamification on students’ learning performance, cognitive engagement and course satisfaction. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(1), 394–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13249
Rahayu, A., Wahib, A., & Besari, A. (2023). Peningkatan Minat Baca Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pojok Baca. Open Community Service Journal, 2(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.33292/ocsj.v2i2.41
Rahmadanti, F.I.,(2021). Persepsi guru mengenai gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran reading comprehension. Diploma thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang
Rawendy, D., Ying, Y., Arifin, Y., & Rosalin, K. (2017). Design and Development Game Chinese Language Learning with Gamification and Using Mnemonic Method. Procedia Computer Science, 116, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.10.009
Rui, T. C., & Tasir, Z. (2022). Kesan Penggunaan Aplikasi Plickers dalam Pembelajaran Topik Imbuhan Berasaskan Gamifikasi Terhadap Pelajar Tahun Tiga ( The Effects of Using Plickers Application in Learning Topic “ Imbuhan ” based on Gamification on Year Three Students ). Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i3.1340
Saputri, S. N., Drajati, N. A., & Sukmawati, F. (2024). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Multimodal untuk Mendukung Pembelajaran PJOK pada Siswa SD. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(2), 1234–1240. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i2.3343
Sarmadan, Alu, L., & Saadillah, A. (2024). Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berdiferensiasi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 1156–1163. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i2.641
Sholihah, S., Wardatussa’idah, I., & Yudha, C. B. (2025). Analisis Rendahnya Literasi Membaca Siswa Kelas 3 Sekolah Dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(3), 573-587. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i03.28803
Sukma, A., Djuanda, D., & Iswara, P. D. (2025). Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Gambar Bercerita Untuk Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Menyimak/ Memirsa di Kelas IV SD. Al-Madrasah Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 9(2), 768. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i2.4837
Suryadi, P., Rifai, I., & Pranoto, H. (2022). “read on”: Comprehending challenging texts at university through gamification App. Procedia Computer Science, 216(2022), 730–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.190
T.H. Hari, I. Zsoldos-Marchis (2020) Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge And Opinion About Gamification, ICERI2020 Proceedings, pp. 9281-9287. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.2058
Tamala, D. (2024). Peran Guru dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.70277/jgsd.v1i2.2
Triyono, Dini Rahmawati, & Arri Handayani. (2023). Analisa Kemampuan Membaca pada Anak Sekolah Dasar: Literature Review. Journal of Education Research, 4(4), 2558–2563. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i4.649
Wang, A.I, Tahir, R, (2020). The effect of using Kahoot! for learning – A literature review, Comput. Educ. 149, 103818, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103818 .
Widyastuti, W. T., Asnidar, Y., Andika, Y., Taufiq, S. F., Anggraini, D., & Hartantri, M. A. (2024). Pelatihan Gamifikasi Dalam Pembelajaran Abad Ke- 21 Bagi Guru-Guru Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Ar Raudhah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2024 (SNPPM-2024).
Yamani, H.A (2021). A conceptual framework for integrating gamification in eLearning systems based on instructional design model, Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. (iJET) 16 (04) 14–33, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i04.15693
Yulianti, Y., Sulistia Wati, Dina Rahmawati, Nur Indah Sari, & Sri Ulandari. (2024). Kreativitas Guru Dalam Membentuk Karakter Rasa Ingin Tahu Melalui Metode Gamifikasi Teacher Creativity in Building Curiosity Character through Gamification Method. JICN: Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(2), 3338–3342.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Desmutri Hasanawati, Akbar Almasjid, Elyas Djufri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
